The Personal Information Protection Act ("the Act") applies to government or private entities that collect, handle or use personal information. The Act, however, does not apply to persons and companies who handle the personal information of less than 5,000 individuals. Those parts of the Act affecting the private sector will come into force on April 1, 2005.

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In Japan, residents who will benefit from new privacy laws, that go into effect on April 1st, 2005. The new laws include hospitals and small clinics.
For the first time in 20 years, the Japanese Ministry of Justice will amend its rules for investigations and legal processing of claims and grievances to reduce privacy infringement, discrimination, harassment, domestic violence, and other types of human rights violations.